Kuchnia
You can discuss politics in Polish and not name a sieve. This is the shape of the gap.
patelnia
noun · feminine
- EN
- frying pan
- RU
- сковорода
Rozgrzej patelnię przed wrzuceniem cebuli.
Heat the pan before you put the onion in.
Na patelnię is into the pan, na patelni is in it. The case difference is movement versus position, and it applies to every container in the kitchen.
garnek
noun · masculine
- EN
- pot, saucepan
- RU
- кастрюля
Woda w garnku już się gotuje.
The water in the pot is boiling.
Nothing to do with RU горшок, which is a flowerpot or a chamber pot. A Polish flowerpot is a doniczka.
sitko
noun · neuter
- EN
- sieve, strainer
- RU
- ситечко
Odcedź makaron przez sitko.
Drain the pasta through the strainer.
A diminutive of sito that has entirely replaced it in the kitchen — the big word now means an industrial screen.
chochla
noun · feminine
- EN
- ladle
- RU
- половник
Nalej zupy chochlą.
Serve the soup with the ladle.
Instrumental case for the tool: chochlą, not z chochlą. Polish marks 'by means of' with the ending alone.
trzepaczka
noun · feminine
- EN
- whisk
- RU
- венчик
Ubij jajka trzepaczką.
Beat the eggs with a whisk.
From trzepać, to beat. The same word once meant a carpet beater, which is what the frames in Polish courtyards are for.
obierać
verb · imperfective
- EN
- to peel
- RU
- чистить (овощи)
Obierz ziemniaki, ja pokroję marchewkę.
Peel the potatoes, I'll chop the carrot.
Russian uses чистить for both peeling and cleaning; Polish keeps obierać for peel and czyścić for clean, and mixing them is instantly odd.
kroić
verb · imperfective
- EN
- to cut, to slice
- RU
- резать
Kroję chleb na kromki.
I'm slicing the bread.
Pokroić is the perfective for finishing the job. Ciąć also means to cut but implies scissors, blades and violence rather than food.
mieszać
verb · imperfective
- EN
- to stir, to mix
- RU
- мешать, размешивать
Mieszaj, żeby się nie przypaliło.
Keep stirring so it doesn't catch.
Unlike RU мешать it does not also mean to disturb somebody. For that Polish uses przeszkadzać, which is a completely different verb.
dusić
verb · imperfective
- EN
- to stew, to braise
- RU
- тушить
Duś mięso pod przykryciem przez godzinę.
Braise the meat covered for an hour.
Also means to throttle, and dusić w sobie is to bottle a feeling up. Context has never once made this ambiguous.
deska do krojenia
noun · feminine + phrase
- EN
- chopping board
- RU
- разделочная доска
Podaj mi deskę do krojenia.
Pass me the chopping board.
Deska alone is any plank or board. The do + genitive pattern names a tool by its job, and it is everywhere: proszek do prania, płyn do naczyń.
Drill these ten · earlier morning · later morning
Drill these ten