Fałszywi przyjaciele III
The last ten. After this you have met most of the traps that catch Russian speakers in Polish.
sklepowy
adjective
- EN
- shop-, of a shop
- RU
- магазинный
Półka sklepowa była pusta.
The shop shelf was empty.
Built on sklep, which is a shop and not a crypt. Once the noun stops surprising you, its adjective stops too.
dynia
noun · feminine
- EN
- pumpkin
- RU
- тыква
Zupa z dyni na jesień.
Pumpkin soup for the autumn.
RU дыня is a melon. Polish for melon is melon, so the only word at risk is this one.
zegar
noun · masculine
- EN
- clock
- RU
- часы
Zegar na wieży spóźnia się pięć minut.
The tower clock is five minutes slow.
A wristwatch is a zegarek, the diminutive. Russian uses one plural word for both and Polish splits them by size.
grzywna
noun · feminine
- EN
- a fine
- RU
- штраф
Sąd wymierzył mu grzywnę.
The court imposed a fine on him.
A grzywna comes from a court; the police ticket is a mandat. Nothing to do with grzywa, a mane — though the roots are one and Poles enjoy it.
zapasy
noun · plural
- EN
- supplies, stores; wrestling
- RU
- запасы; борьба
Mamy zapasy na tydzień.
We have supplies for a week.
The supplies sense matches RU запасы. The second sense, wrestling, has no Russian counterpart and arrives with no warning in sports coverage.
uroczysty
adjective
- EN
- ceremonial, formal
- RU
- торжественный
Uroczysta kolacja z okazji rocznicy.
A formal dinner for the anniversary.
From uroczystość, a ceremony. No relation to uroda, and none at all to RU урод — the shared u- is a coincidence you will trip over once.
zdolny
adjective
- EN
- able, talented
- RU
- способный
Bardzo zdolny student.
A very able student.
Talent, not health. RU здоровый is zdrowy in Polish — close enough to reach for the wrong one, and with nothing in common beyond the first two letters.
zdrowy
adjective
- EN
- healthy
- RU
- здоровый
Wrócił do domu zdrowy.
He came home healthy.
Included immediately after zdolny on purpose: seeing the pair together once is worth more than meeting them six months apart.
skłonny
adjective
- EN
- inclined, prone to
- RU
- склонный
Jest skłonny do przesady.
He's prone to exaggeration.
Takes do plus the genitive. Same root as RU склонный and, unusually for this batch, the same meaning too.
obywatel
noun · masculine
- EN
- citizen
- RU
- гражданин
Obywatel Unii Europejskiej.
A citizen of the European Union.
From obywać, to dwell. Nothing to do with RU обыватель, which means a philistine — the same root drifted into an insult on one side of the border and into citizenship on the other.
Drill these ten · earlier morning · later morning
Drill these ten