Pogoda
Poland has weather that English barely has words for, and Polish has a word for each kind of it.
mżawka
noun · feminine
- EN
- drizzle
- RU
- морось
Od rana pada mżawka.
It's been drizzling since morning.
From mżyć. Polish grades rain finely: mżawka, deszcz, ulewa — drizzle, rain, downpour.
ulewa
noun · feminine
- EN
- downpour
- RU
- ливень
Złapała nas ulewa.
We got caught in a downpour.
From lać, to pour — the same root as leje, which is what you say when it is really coming down.
gołoledź
noun · feminine
- EN
- black ice
- RU
- гололёд
Uwaga na gołoledź na chodnikach.
Watch out for black ice on the pavements.
Literally 'bare ice'. It appears in every winter forecast and there is no shorter way to say it.
przymrozek
noun · masculine
- EN
- ground frost
- RU
- заморозок
W nocy możliwe przymrozki.
Ground frost is possible overnight.
A light frost, usually plural in forecasts. Mróz on its own is a proper hard freeze.
upał
noun · masculine
- EN
- heatwave, sweltering heat
- RU
- жара, зной
W lipcu były straszne upały.
There were terrible heatwaves in July.
Not merely warm — ciepło is warm and gorąco is hot. Upał is the kind that makes the news.
zachmurzenie
noun · neuter
- EN
- cloud cover
- RU
- облачность
Zachmurzenie duże, bez opadów.
Heavy cloud, no precipitation.
Forecast register. Duże, umiarkowane, małe — the three grades you will hear every evening.
opady
noun · plural
- EN
- precipitation
- RU
- осадки
Opady deszczu ze śniegiem.
Rain turning to sleet.
Plural, from opadać, to fall. Deszcz ze śniegiem — rain with snow — is how Polish says sleet.
wichura
noun · feminine
- EN
- gale, high wind
- RU
- буря, шквалистый ветер
Wichura połamała drzewa.
The gale brought down trees.
Stronger than wiatr and short of an orkan. Polish grades wind as carefully as it grades rain.
parno
adverb · predicative
- EN
- muggy, humid
- RU
- душно
Dzisiaj jest strasznie parno.
It's terribly muggy today.
Used impersonally: jest parno, no subject at all. Duszno is the indoor version — stuffy rather than humid.
rozpogodzić się
verb · reflexive, perfective
- EN
- to clear up (of weather or a mood)
- RU
- проясниться
Po południu ma się rozpogodzić.
It's meant to clear up in the afternoon.
Built on pogoda, weather. Also used of a face — rozpogodził się means he brightened up.
Drill these ten · earlier morning · later morning
Drill these ten